PFD Patch Clinical Studies: Research Reference
PFD-assisted tattoo-removal research includes both topical liquid and purpose-designed patches. This reference helps clinics identify the format, study design and population before interpreting a result.
Primary studies to read
| Study | What was investigated | Question for a clinical review |
|---|---|---|
| Reddy et al., 2013 | Topical PFD in a controlled comparison of laser tattoo-removal approaches, including whitening observations. | Does a finding about topical liquid apply to the accessory and protocol being considered? |
| Biesman et al., 2015 | A split-tattoo pilot study in 17 participants with skin types I–III, using a specified PFD-infused patch and Q-switched Alexandrite laser. | How do the patch, laser, population and comparison differ from the clinic's proposed combination? |
| Vangipuram et al., 2019 | A retrospective review of 14 patients with skin types IV–VI involving particular laser systems and PFD formats. | What can a small retrospective record establish, and which uncertainties remain? |
Record the outcome being measured
Immediate visible whitening, tattoo fading across visits, patient-reported experience and adverse effects are separate outcomes. In your review notes, identify the outcome and follow-up period alongside the product and method.
A favourable observation for one outcome should not be recorded as a result for a different outcome that the study did not establish.
Connect a paper to the proposed product
Record the study's actual patch or liquid, laser system, comparison and population. Then identify which parts match the proposed use and which require further supporting information. The papers linked here do not establish that the NovaClin Labs patch is equivalent to the products studied.
NovaClin Labs product reference
The current PFD patch listing describes 10 × 10 cm patches supplied in boxes of ten. Request the current product instructions and compatibility information for the supplied patch.